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<title>Democratization of knowledge</title>

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</style><table class="sidebar nomobile nowraplinks plainlist"><tbody><tr><th class="sidebar-title" style="padding: 0.3em"><a href="Information_science" title="Information science">Information science</a></th></tr><tr><th class="sidebar-heading" style="border-top:1px solid #CCC;">

<a href="Outline_of_information_science" title="Outline of information science">General aspects</a></th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<ul><li><a href="Information_access" title="Information access">Access</a></li>

<li><a href="Information_architecture" title="Information architecture">Architecture</a></li>

<li><a href="Information_behavior" title="Information behavior">Behavior</a></li>

<li><a href="Information_management" title="Information management">Management</a></li>

<li><a href="Information_retrieval" title="Information retrieval">Retrieval</a></li>

<li><a href="Information_seeking" title="Information seeking">Seeking</a></li>

<li><a href="Information_society" title="Information society">Society</a></li>

<li><a href="Knowledge_organization" title="Knowledge organization">Knowledge organization</a></li>

<li><a href="Ontology_(information_science)" title="Ontology (information science)">Ontology</a></li>

<li><a href="Philosophy_of_information" title="Philosophy of information">Philosophy</a></li>

<li><a href="Science_and_technology_studies" title="Science and technology studies">Science and technology studies</a></li>

<li><a href="Taxonomy" title="Taxonomy">Taxonomy</a></li></ul>

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Related fields and subfields</th></tr><tr><td class="sidebar-content">

<ul><li><a href="Bibliometrics" title="Bibliometrics">Bibliometrics</a></li>

<li><a href="Categorization" class="mw-redirect" title="Categorization">Categorization</a></li>

<li><a href="Censorship" title="Censorship">Censorship</a></li>

<li><a href="Library_classification" title="Library classification">Classification</a></li>

<li><a href="Computer_data_storage" title="Computer data storage">Computer data storage</a></li>

<li><a href="Cultural_studies" title="Cultural studies">Cultural studies</a></li>

<li><a href="Data_modeling" title="Data modeling">Data modeling</a></li>

<li><a href="Informatics" title="Informatics">Informatics</a></li>

<li><a href="Information_technology" title="Information technology">Information technology</a></li>

<li><a href="Intellectual_freedom" title="Intellectual freedom">Intellectual freedom</a></li>

<li><a href="Intellectual_property" title="Intellectual property">Intellectual property</a></li>

<li><a href="Library_and_information_science" title="Library and information science">Library and information science</a></li>

<li><a href="Memory" title="Memory">Memory</a></li>

<li><a href="Preservation_(library_and_archival_science)" class="mw-redirect" title="Preservation (library and archival science)">Preservation</a></li>

<li><a href="Privacy" title="Privacy">Privacy</a></li>

<li><a href="Quantum_information_science" title="Quantum information science">Quantum information science</a></li></ul>

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<p>The <b>democratization of knowledge</b> is the acquisition and spread of <a href="Knowledge" title="Knowledge">knowledge</a> amongst a wider part of the population, not just privileged elites such as clergy and academics. <a href="Libraries" class="mw-redirect" title="Libraries">Libraries</a>, in particular public libraries, and modern <a href="Information_technology" title="Information technology">information technology</a> such as the <a href="Internet" title="Internet">Internet</a> play a key role, as they provide the masses with open <a href="Access_to_information" class="mw-redirect" title="Access to information">access to information</a>.

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Information_Age" title="Information Age">Information Age</a></div>

<p>Wide dissemination of knowledge is inseparable from the spread of <a href="Literacy" title="Literacy">literacy</a>.

</p><p>The Information Age is a <a href="History_by_period" class="mw-redirect" title="History by period">historical period</a> that began in the mid-20th century. It is characterized by a rapid shift from traditional industries, as established during the <a href="Industrial_Revolution" title="Industrial Revolution">Industrial Revolution</a>, to an economy centered on <a href="Information_technology" title="Information technology">information technology</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-Manuel_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Manuel-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Digitization efforts by <a href="Google_Books" title="Google Books">Google Books</a> have been pointed to as an example of the democratization of knowledge, but <a href="Malte_Herwig" title="Malte Herwig">Malte Herwig</a> in <a href="Der_Spiegel" title="Der Spiegel">Der Spiegel</a> raised concerns that the virtual monopoly Google has in the <a href="Search_market" class="mw-redirect" title="Search market">search market</a>, combined with Google's hiding of the details of its <a href="Search_algorithm" title="Search algorithm">search algorithms</a>, could undermine this move towards democratization.<sup id="cite_ref-spiegel_2-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-spiegel-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p><a href="Google_Scholar" title="Google Scholar">Google Scholar</a> (and <a href="List_of_academic_databases_and_search_engines" title="List of academic databases and search engines">similar</a> scholarly <a href="Web_search_engine" class="mw-redirect" title="Web search engine">search services</a>) and <a href="Sci-Hub" title="Sci-Hub">Sci-Hub</a> (and similar scholarly <a href="Shadow_library" title="Shadow library">shadow libraries</a>) have also been pointed to as examples of democratization of knowledge.<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p><a href="Open_Library" title="Open Library">Open Library</a>'s and <a href="HathiTrust" title="HathiTrust">HathiTrust</a>'s digitization efforts and their use of the <a href="Controlled_digital_lending" title="Controlled digital lending">controlled digital lending</a> model are also examples of democratization of knowledge.<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>After the most powerful search engine, <a href="Google" title="Google">Google</a>, and the most viewed <a href="Online_encyclopedia" title="Online encyclopedia">online encyclopedia</a>, <a href="Wikipedia" title="Wikipedia">Wikipedia</a>, the most viewed information-based website is the <i><a href="Encyclop%C3%A6dia_Britannica" title="Encyclopædia Britannica">Encyclopædia Britannica</a>.</i><sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Role_of_libraries">Role of libraries</h2></div>

<p>An article written in 2005 by the editors of <i>Reference & User Services Quarterly</i> calls the library the greatest force for the democratization of knowledge or information.<sup id="cite_ref-Wallace,_D._P._2005_7-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wallace,_D._P._2005-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It continues to say that public libraries in particular are inextricably linked with the history and evolution of the United States, but school library media centers, college and university libraries, and special libraries have all also been influential in their support for democracy.<sup id="cite_ref-Wallace,_D._P._2005_7-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-Wallace,_D._P._2005-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Libraries play an essential role in the democratization of knowledge and information by providing communities with the resources and tools to find information free of charge. Democratic access to knowledge has also been co-opted to mean providing information in a variety of formats, which essentially means electronic and digital formats for use by library patrons.<sup id="cite_ref-knightfoundation.org_8-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-knightfoundation.org-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Public libraries help further the democratization of information by guaranteeing freedom of access to information, by providing an unbiased variety of information sources and access to government services, as well as the promotion of democracy and active citizenship.<sup id="cite_ref-9" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Dan Cohen, the founding executive director of the Digital Public Library of America, writes that democratic access to knowledge is a profound idea that requires constant tending and revitalization.<sup id="cite_ref-knightfoundation.org_8-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-knightfoundation.org-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In 2004, a <a href="World_Social_Forum" title="World Social Forum">World Social Forum</a> and International workshop was held entitled "Democratization of Information: Focus on Libraries". The focus of the forum was to bring awareness to the social, technological, and financial challenges facing libraries dealing with the democratization of information. Social challenges included <a href="Globalization" title="Globalization">globalization</a> and the <a href="Digital_divide" title="Digital divide">digital divide</a>, technological challenges included information sources, and financial challenges constituted shrinking budgets and manpower.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> Longtime Free Library of Philadelphia director Elliot Shelkrot said that "Democracy depends on an informed population. And where can people get all the information they need? —At the Library."<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<ul><li><a href="Autodidacticism" title="Autodidacticism">Autodidacticism</a></li>

<li><a href="Citizen_science" title="Citizen science">Citizen science</a></li>

<li><a href="Democratization" title="Democratization">Democratization</a></li>

<li><a href="Encyclop%C3%A9die" title="Encyclopédie">Encyclopédie</a></li>

<li><a href="Ideagoras" class="mw-redirect" title="Ideagoras">Ideagoras</a></li>

<li><a href="Intellectual_property" title="Intellectual property">Intellectual property</a></li>

<li><a href="Trade_secret" title="Trade secret">Trade secret</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Wikipedia_and_the_Democratization_of_Knowledge" title="Wikipedia and the Democratization of Knowledge">Wikipedia and the Democratization of Knowledge</a></i>, a 2021 German documentary</li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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</style><cite id="CITEREFManuel1996" class="citation book cs1">Manuel, Castells (1996). <i>The Information Age: Economy, Society and Culture</i>. Oxford: Blackwell. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0631215943</bdi>. <a href="OCLC_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="OCLC (identifier)">OCLC</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/oclc/43092627">43092627</a>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-spiegel-2"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-spiegel_2-0">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFHerwig2007" class="citation news cs1">Herwig, Malte (28 March 2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="http://www.spiegel.de/international/business/0,1518,473529-2,00.html">"Google's Total Library: Putting The World's Books on the Web"</a>. <i><a href="Der_Spiegel" title="Der Spiegel">Der Spiegel</a></i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20120128001828/http://www.spiegel.de/international/business/0,1518,473529-2,00.html">Archived</a> from the original on 28 January 2012<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">22 July</span> 2011</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-3"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-3">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFAlbagli2017" class="citation journal cs1">Albagli, Sarita (December 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1590%2F1981-7746-sol00093">"Open Science as an instrument for the democratization of knowledge"</a>. <i>Trabalho, Educação e Saúde</i>. <b>15</b> (3): <span class="nowrap">659–</span>660. <a href="Doi_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="Doi (identifier)">doi</a>:<span class="id-lock-free" title="Freely accessible"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://doi.org/10.1590%2F1981-7746-sol00093">10.1590/1981-7746-sol00093</a></span>. <a href="ISSN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISSN (identifier)">ISSN</a> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://search.worldcat.org/issn/1981-7746">1981-7746</a>.</cite></span>

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